1. Tires with inner tubes

A tire with an inner tube is composed of an outer tube, an inner tube and a cushion belt. The outer tire is an elastic rubber cloth bag, which can protect the inner tube from mechanical damage, keep the inflatable inner tube at a specified size, bear the traction and braking force of the car, and ensure the grip of the tire and the road. The inner tube is an annular rubber tube placed in the outer tube and filled with compressed air. There is a cushion belt between the inner tube and the rim (the tire used on the deep rim does not need a cushion belt). The cushion belt is an annular tape with a certain cross-sectional shape to protect the inner tube from wear. The main disadvantage of inner tube tires is that they have high driving temperature, are not suitable for high-speed driving, and cannot fully guarantee the safety of driving. When in use, the inner tube is in a stretched state in the tire, and a small hole is formed after a slight puncture, which makes the tire pressure drop quickly.

2, tubeless tires

No inner tube is used, air is directly filled into the inner cavity of the outer tube. The tightness of the tire is achieved by the tire tightly fitting on the specially structured rim. In order to prevent air from spreading through the sidewall, the inner surface of the tire is lined with a special sealing layer so that air can only escape from the perforation during puncture. However, the perforation is compressed by the elastic action of the tire material, and the air can only leak out slowly from the tire, so the internal pressure in the tire gradually decreases. If the object (nails, etc.) pierced into the tubeless tire remains in the tire, the object will be wrapped by a thick rubber layer, and in fact the air in the tire will not escape for a long time. The superiority of tubeless tires is not only to improve driving safety. This type of tire can continue driving when the puncture is small. It is easier to repair halfway than tires with tube. There is no need to remove the rim, so in some cases, spare tires can be omitted. Tubeless tires have better flexibility, which can improve the cushioning performance of the tires, generate less heat and operate at low temperatures at high speeds, and can increase the service life of the tires.

3. Tire structure

The tire is composed of carcass, buffer layer, tread, sidewall and beads. The tire section can be divided into several separate areas: crown area, shoulder area (tread slope), flexion area (sidewall area), reinforcement area and bead area.

1. The main body of the rubberized cord that gives the carcass strength, flexibility and elasticity is called the carcass. The carcass needs to have sufficient strength and elasticity to withstand strong vibrations and shocks, and to withstand multiple deformations caused by radial, lateral, and circumferential forces acting on the tire during driving. The carcass is composed of one or more layers of rubberized cords, which can give the carcass and the entire tire the necessary strength.

2. Buffer layer The film or rubber cord-film composite structure between the carcass and the tread is called the buffer layer. The buffer layer is used to prevent the carcass from vibration and impact, reduce the traction and braking force acting on the carcass, and enhance the adhesion between the tread rubber and the carcass. The buffer layer of radial tires is generally called a belt layer because of its different functions. The maximum stress generated in the outer tire is concentrated in the buffer layer, and the temperature of the buffer layer is the highest. The material and structure of the buffer layer generally vary with the specifications and structure of the tire casing and the material of the carcass.

3. The outermost rubber layer of the tread tire in contact with the road surface is called the tread (usually, the outermost rubber layer of the tire crown, shoulders, sidewalls, and reinforced areas are collectively called tread rubber). The tread is used to prevent mechanical damage and early wear of the carcass, transmit the traction and braking force of the car to the road, increase the grip between the tire and the road (soil), and absorb the vibration of the tire during operation. The part of the tread that the tire directly contacts the road surface during normal driving is called the running surface. The surface of the driving surface is composed of blocks and grooves of different shapes, and the protruding parts are blocks. The surface of the blocks can increase the grip of the tire and the road (soil) and ensure the necessary anti-slip force of the vehicle. The lower layer of the groove is called the base of the tread and is used to cushion shock and impact.